The Gatekeeper

The loop control variable (count) does not need to exactly hit the limit that is tested for in the condition part of the while:

while ( count <= 6 ) 

In the question, the value 5 passed the test. Then count was incremented to 7. Then 7 failed the test.

The condition part of a while is like a gatekeeper. It carefully checks if execution is to be admitted into the loop body. It doesn't care how things came to be; if the test yields false, the loop body is skipped.

This is shown in the flowchart. Execution flows along the lines in the direction of the arrows. The diamond marked "Test Condition" represents the gatekeeper. If the condition tests true, execution enters the loop body. If the condition tests false, execution is not allowed into the loop body.

After execution enters the loop body, the entire loop body is executed. Then execution returns to the top of the loop, where the gatekeeper again decides whether to let it enter the loop body.